L’abbandono precoce dell’istruzione e della formazione in Europa: cause, interventi e risultati
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Pubblicato:
dic 28, 2016
Parole chiave:
abbandono precoce, qualità dell’istruzione, orientamento, competenze e qualificazione professionale
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Abstract
L’abbandono precoce dei percorsi di istruzione e formazione costituisce per l’Europa un problema sociale e educativo di grande rilevanza. La portata che esso è andato assumendo nel corso degli ultimi decenni lo rende un’emergenza comune a molti paesi europei, che chiama in causa non solo il mondo della scuola e della formazione ma anche altri settori legati all’economia, alla cultura, ai servizi sociali, a forme più o meno gravi di disagio giovanile. Il fenomeno dell’abbandono infatti è legato alla disoccupazione, all’emarginazione sociale, alla povertà, all’immigrazione, a problemi personali e familiari, a difficoltà di apprendimento, alla scarsa capacità delle scuole di intercettare i bisogni degli studenti e motivarli allo studio. Questo insieme di concause può indurre i giovani a lasciare la scuola o la formazione ancor prima di aver conseguito una qualifica o un diploma. Data la complessità delle problematiche non è facile trovare misure trasferibili da una realtà all’altra, per questo oltre a ricercare le cause più frequenti, è importante considerare ogni situazione a rischio di abbandono come un caso a sé, che richiede strumenti di analisi e di intervento specifici.
Partendo dall’analisi dei dati statistici messi a disposizione dalla Commissione europea, Parlamento e Consiglio europeo, Eurostat, OCSE, Cedefop e Eurydice, nel presente contributo vengono indagate le cause, le strategie d’intervento e i risultati conseguiti dalle politiche europee e nazionali nella lotta all’ELET (Early Leaving in Education and Training). Un’attenzione specifica è dedicata alle azioni che le istituzioni scolastiche e formative posso mettere in campo per fronteggiare le criticità collegate all’abbandono.
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Grasso, M. (2015). Il successo scolastico dei giovani figli dell’immigrazione: il ruolo della famiglia come capitale sociale. Rivista Italiana di Educazione Familiare, 10(1), 201-216.
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